The most commonly used liposomes for active (remote) loading of weakly basic small molecules contain transmembrane ammonium sulfate gradient as the drug loading battery. These liposomes are hydrated with an ammonium sulfate solution. After down-sizing by extrusion, the transmembrane ammonium gradient is generated by exchanging the external ammonium sulfate against a 10% sucrose solution. All products are sterile filtered and filled in autoclaved glass vials. Loading is as simple as mixing the drug and liposomes at desired ratio and incubate at 65 deg C for 30-60min.
We also provide liposomes with other types of batteries, such as ammonium dextran sulfate, ammonium octasucrose sulfate. citric acid etc. Please contact us for details.
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See references on ammonium sulfate liposomes
Publications using FormuMax's plain liposomes